Semi solid state batteries are skyrocketing! All solid state rolling in 2027? Unveiling the life and death game of the trillion dollar race track

As the world enters the era of new energy, competition for next-generation battery technology is becoming increasingly fierce. Solid state batteries have become the current established direction, attracting the attention of many players, but it will take time for solid-state batteries to be commercially available, possibly as early as 2027. And during this blank time, semi-solid state batteries have become the best choice for power batteries at present.
Development status of semi-solid state batteries
2024 is known as the first year of semi-solid state battery installation, and many domestic and foreign supply chain enterprises and car companies have already increased their layout. For example, companies such as CATL, Guansheng Corporation, Funeng Technology, and Xinwangda in China, Toyota and Panasonic in Japan, and QuantumScape in the United States are actively deploying semi-solid state battery technology. These enterprises have made significant progress in material selection, electrolyte preparation, electrode structure, and other aspects.
The 150 degree semi-solid state battery jointly developed by NIO and Weilan New Energy was officially put into mass production in April 2024. The NIO ET7 equipped with this battery has a range of over 1000 kilometers in actual road tests, with a single cell energy density of 360Wh/kg and a whole pack energy density of 260Wh/kg. The battery pack adopts an efficient cooling system design, using 44 large-area water-cooled plates, with a cooling effect six times that of ordinary batteries.
In addition, the flying car GOVY AirJet released by GAC Group, the agricultural drone HD580 from Huida Technology, and the "Qiyuan Jiaolong 600" semi-solid battery pack from Qiyuan Core Power are all equipped with semi-solid batteries developed by Jinyu. Starting from 2025, this battery will gradually be put into commercial delivery.
Taking Qiyuan Jiaolong 600 as an example, the energy density of the battery cells in this battery pack reaches 310Wh/kg, and the energy density of the battery system reaches 165Wh/kg. Compared with other 600kWh battery systems on the market, this battery has a 30% reduction in volume and a 28% reduction in weight, and can carry an additional 2 tons of cargo per trip.
It is worth mentioning that it only takes 6 minutes to charge 120kWh in 2C mode, achieving a range of 100 kilometers. And the integrated design of battery car storage also supports V2G function, which can provide reverse charging for 400kW equipment and multiple heavy trucks.
Guansheng Corporation has also launched a semi-solid lithium iron phosphate battery with an energy density of 160-180Wh/kg, while the quasi solid ternary lithium battery has an energy density of up to 420 Wh/kg, suitable for household energy storage, industrial and commercial energy storage, and renewable energy projects.
The second generation semi-solid battery launched by Funeng Technology adopts a new type of oxide/polymer solid electrolyte coating and densification technology, further improving the safety of high nickel ternary high-energy density lithium-ion power batteries, and further reducing the semi-solid interface impedance, enhancing the lithium-ion migration ability. The energy density reaches 330Wh/kg, the fast charging capacity exceeds 3C, and the cycle life exceeds 4000 times.
Haobo Sichuang also recently stated on the Yu Investor Platform that it had developed and laid out semi-solid state batteries through joint ventures earlier. Jinyang Corporation also responded on the investor platform that it has sent samples of 4680 large cylindrical products to relevant customers for the research and development of semi-solid state batteries. Xinwangda also recently responded that the company is currently developing semi-solid products for consumer use.
Obviously, semi-solid state batteries have gradually penetrated into fields such as electric vehicles, energy storage (such as wind/solar power matching), and low altitude economy (eVTOL aircraft) due to their high safety (reduced liquid electrolyte), higher energy density (superior to traditional liquid batteries), and long cycle life.
The future of semi-solid state batteries
2025 is considered a crucial year for the launch and gradual increase of mature products for semi-solid state batteries. After conducting tests on the installation of semi-solid state batteries in 2024, multiple car companies plan to launch models equipped with semi-solid state batteries this year or next year. In addition to new energy vehicles, semi-solid state batteries have shown potential in emerging fields such as robotics and drones. For example, the third-generation humanoid robots equipped with semi-solid state batteries have increased their battery life to 6 hours and reduced energy consumption by 80%.
It is worth mentioning that semi-solid state batteries have begun to accelerate their penetration into high-end car models. In February 2025, sales of new energy vehicles increased by 161% year-on-year, with high-end car models equipped with semi-solid state batteries accounting for over 35%. According to industry estimates, if the penetration rate of all solid state batteries reaches 20% by 2030, it will drive a new market size of over 200 billion yuan.
At the same time, many people believe that semi-solid state batteries, as a transitional product of all solid state batteries, are now vigorously developing. In the future, with the introduction of all solid state batteries, how will semi-solid state batteries be handled. However, in the short term, with high compatibility with existing liquid battery production lines, semi-solid state batteries are still the first choice for car manufacturers and energy storage fields.
All solid state batteries are expected to be installed in small batches by 2027 and enter mass production by 2030. However, in the short term, they still face challenges such as high manufacturing costs (3-5 times that of liquid batteries) and complex production processes.
Moreover, all solid state batteries may initially focus on the high-end market (such as luxury cars and robots), while semi-solid state batteries, with their cost advantages and compatibility with existing production lines, will maintain a certain share in mid to low end vehicle models and specific scenarios (such as fast charging demand).
At present, the semi-solid battery technology is similar to traditional liquid batteries, with a cost only 15% -30% higher (such as Penghui Energy products), making it suitable for price sensitive mid to low end electric vehicles and energy storage scenarios. The research and development of semi-solid state batteries, such as solid-state electrolyte coating technology and interface optimization, can also provide technological accumulation for all solid state batteries. For example, Penghui Energy's experience in oxide based semi-solid state batteries can accelerate the development of all solid state electrolyte materials.
The industry chain of semi-solid state batteries, such as separators, conductive agents, and silicon anodes, partially overlaps with that of all solid state batteries, but the latter requires breakthroughs in the mass production of solid electrolytes, such as some sulfides, oxides, and lithium metal anodes, which are technological bottlenecks.
So in the short term, materials related to semi-solid state batteries, such as carbon nanotube electrodes, silicon anodes, and some equipment upgrade needs (such as dry electrode processes), are still hot investment topics. However, long-term attention needs to be paid to breakthroughs in the core technology of all solid state batteries.
In this regard, Ouyang Minggao, an academician of the CAS Member and chairman of the China All Solid State Battery Industry University Research Collaborative Innovation Platform, believes that China's power battery enterprises and institutions are characterized by semi-solid state. In the development process of power batteries, semi-solid state is a transitional strategy that can enhance the safety of power batteries. However, the yield, charging rate, and cycle life of semi-solid state batteries are not satisfactory, and the fundamental reason is that semi-solid state batteries are not disruptive technologies.
Therefore, in the short term, it is estimated that the market size of semi-solid state batteries may grow with the trend of high-end new energy vehicles from 2025 to 2027, especially in scenarios with high requirements for fast charging and safety, including commercial vehicles, robots, etc.
And after 2030, if all solid state batteries achieve "solid-liquid parity" as predicted by BYD. And it has the characteristics of high energy density exceeding 500Wh/kg and high safety, which will gradually replace semi-solid batteries. In the future, these semi-solid batteries may retreat to some niche markets or specific applications, such as energy storage products or consumer electronics products.